Ideally, the academic department should develop a local act: a regulation, rules or regulations. It specifies how many days a student can miss classes and what reasons are considered valid.
The usual period is 3-5 days per month (in total or in a row). You can't just stay home - you need a statement from the parents with the note "I take responsibility for the life and russian numbers health of the child". As a reason, it is enough to indicate family circumstances.
Without this document, the school is responsible for the child ( Article 41 of the Law on Education). If something happens, the class teacher and other employees will have to explain themselves to the police.
If there is no local act, everything is decided by an agreement with the class teacher. Usually, they let you go for 3-5 days without any problems. Check whether you can use all the days in a row or whether you need to stretch it out for a month.
If you can't reach an agreement, you can contact the deputy director, the director, or the local education department. There are no laws prohibiting skipping school without a certificate.
Sometimes teachers refuse to accept a child without a certificate, citing documents that actually say something different. For example:
SanPiN . The new version of 2021 states that a certificate is required if the child was sick ( clause 2.9.4 ). Therefore, if the child missed classes for another reason, the teacher cannot require a certificate.
Education Law 273-FZ . It says nothing at all about skipping classes.
For their part, parents also sometimes rely on outdated rules. For example, the Ministry of Health 's 2020 letter of recommendation allowed skipping 5 days, and in a row. This document is no longer valid.